Gummed paper



March 26, 1957 I A. E. CARLSQN 2,786,789

GUMMED PAPER Filed June 8, 1953 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 1 INVENTOR. I ARTHUR. E. CA I- 8Y0 a lowammg loulmwu ATTORNEYS March 26, 1957 A. E. CARLSON GUMMED PAPER 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed June 8, 1953 INVENTOR.

ARTHUR E. CARLSON BY .c

|wemuw IOWLWWW ATTORNEYS United States Patent our DPAP'ER Arthur E. Carlson, Troy, Ohio Applicationliiiie 8,1953; SeriaiINo. 360,051 t'Claimsei cuss- 53:5

This invention concerns a reinforced material, particularly'a reinforced paper tape, to a method of making such an article, and tov carton jointassemblies utilizingforcingelements greatly increase thestrength of. the

tape, particularly its bursting'j strength" which becomes extremely important case the carton.- is. dropped or subjected 5 to" sudden impact for any other reason.

Whilelhave foundthatthe provision' of the reinforc ing element's bn thetap'e,i as setforth in my previously disclosed invention, is of great merit lh'ave also found that'-m'erely attaching theelfinientsdo'tlie tape. or the cartonby an"unyieldingedhesiveJis 'not' sufiicient for developing the "fullstrengthofthe elements. Accordinglyg.

tapes manufactured-as disclosed by 'me in the applications and pat ent referredto'cari beimproved upon.

In the case ofth'e-"single ply tapes of my inventions an important objective obtained thereby is economy. An

object 'ofrth'e present 'invention' isa laminated "tapeofrime proved quality which can still be" produced "in: an eco-- of the reinforcin g element s neces'sary to this invention relativeto the paper'of the'tape proper, and because. of-

which the elements will b'reak at a much lowertstressaif they are 'tightly' iiiied tofthe tapefor to the cartonithamif they='are free to'stret'ch relative to the-carton and the paper of the'tape.

In particular, if the reinforcing-elements; can-bemade free "to-'stretch somewhat, it not only'requires 'a -greater displacement of the members to which they areat't'adhed from-each other to produce a'predetermin'ed 'stress in the reinforcing 'elernents, but a plurality" of the-elements ai ran'ged in'parallel spaced relation will distribute' 'a load" among each other, and: thus materially increase thresistance' w: separatingmovement of thei "members that are" connected by thetape.

In view of this; the=-presentinvention deals in particular with a tape havingi-reinforciri g' elements 1 of the nature referred to, and'ra method of maniigihetape characterized in that-theelem'ents -can stretch over' at least a portion of their length, thusaddiii'gj greatly to the strength of the tape %and:to'- the "stresgm of a'cartoni having a corners or the: top-closed byfsucfla tape.

With he re r primary "o' "ec o'f-S- the" present ifiiivntion iseto provitle a ma ma-imam wili betevident thafi the 2,786,789 Patented Mar... 26;.- 119.517

Another object of this invention istheprovisionofia paper tape having: resilient reinforcing: elements thereon in which the said elements are'free-to str'et'ch-:wiiereby the tape which, in:use; will provide greater strengththair it has been possible heretofore to obtain: the greatest strengthis developedby the tape in'use.

Still another objectis the'provision'of a method'of making a tape of the-nature'ret'erred'to wherein economy of' manufacture can be observed: while: the end product is characterized bythev reinforcing elements havingsufif cientfreedom to stretch-in orderthat a better use ofsth'e strength thereof can be realized.

Apart from the' strengthxof-a-tape of this:type, an -important characteristic thereofis. its ability' to stick'fto a carton. The maximumdegreeofsticking'isaccomplishtl only. when the "entire area of: the tape thatisfadjac entthecarton is coated with an adhesive; usuallya'water soluble animal glue,'especially for the'tape'that'close's' the manufacturers corner of the carton.v

if. certain coatings of adhesive are applied to th'e"reinf forcing elements as well as to" the tap'evthey willserve to bind any reinforcing elements onthe carton side of the-tape tightly thereto andeffectively" prevent the dc sired stretch of the; elementsiby which'the full"'strength thereof is realized. It-fol1owsthat the above-outlined general objectives of thiskinventiori'may be accomplished by having-the reinforcing -elements'? mounted on i the tape on the. side opposite-the carton and, accordihgtd mg m vention, this may be accomplished by providing- I an nated tape with the reinforcing elements"'thei-'ebetween and-with thecartonsideof thetape completely covered With-adhesive. 4 1

Thus, a still further object"of myinventionis thepr" vision ofa laminated paper-tape"h'avingi reinforcing el ments between plies of the tape and'a' method'ofma the tape-wherein-the elements-have freedom to 'stretchi and, therefore, provide a stronger-tape a'nd cartonfjo iii't? Another object of this invention" is"the=provision of a method of manufacturing a laminated paper tape ha ing resilient reinforcing elements" between rthe plies there of such thatfrapid and.efiicient-productiiin-practices a; observed while the saidelements' are so placed'in the tape that theyhave freedom to stfetchi A particular object in connection withftlie laminated tape is-the provisionof a method ofrinakingfthetape and? placing, the reinforcingelemntsthefebetw'een sucli "that the'two plies of the tape are firmly bonded together out the use of an excessive amountof adhesive-andwith the said elements having freedomfto stretch.

In previous laminated tapestructures i the reinforcing: elements tookthe formof yarns-'o'ncords antirequirecf a substantial amount of-adhesive filler inthe"spac'e"b tween the plies, usually an-'asph'alt compoundf S'ficha tape is not onlyexpensive butwhen-asphalt isused also sensitive to extremes of temperature; and; media:- ingly, a still further objectofthis-dnvntion is thepi ovision of a laminated reinforced tapefiand a' method of making the same which avoids the: use of une'conornica'l" amounts of expensive materialsand-which is: insensitive to the' temperatures'that maybe encounteredini'the u's'e of' th'e' tape.

In the case of closing the top ofea. carton, considerable length of 'reinfc ircirigf elements is employed t as op posed 'to the'relat'ivelyshort length of eleinentseniployed for the usual carton corner, and .itis also within thepur- View of my invention td'co'nstrhct a single. plytape especially adapted for'closin'g the tops ofcar'tonshaving reinforcing elements on the carton side of thetapewhicli have freedom to stretch; mus inereasiiig the;strengthter the tape, v V l In the case of closing the carton coifierf-if is'afioK ject of this invention to construct a single ply tape having reinforcing elements on the carton side of the tape which are resilient and which are resiliently adhered to the tape, and which are not adhesively bonded to the carton or which are resiliently bonded to the carton, thus allowing the elements to stretch.

It.is also an object of this invention to provide for both laterally and longitudinally reinforced tape constructions characterized in freedom of the elements to stretch.

In general, theobjectives of this inventionsare attainedby providing a relatively weak, resilient or discontinuous connection between the reinforcing elements and the paper of the tape. .Where the exact zone of loading of the tape is known, asin the case of a corner tape, the reinforcing elements can be left unconnected to the paper in that zone and connected to the p-aper at opposite sides of the zone. I

-.,Some.latex. types of adhesive will also serve to connectJthe reinforcing elements to the paper while allowing relative movement between the elements and thepaper that will permit. the necessary stretching of the elements. Also, the reinforcing elements can be resiliently adhesively mounted on thepaperbetween strips of adhesive on the paper that is to serve for sticking the plies together or for sticking the tape to the carton and this will leave theelements free .to stretch.

In still another form, a different degree of adhesion between the reinforcing elements and the paper than between the plies of the laminated tape can be had by pressing the adhesive-coated plies together between the elements during manufacture of the tape, thus causing an imperfect or weak bond to be established between the elements and paper that will allow stretching of the elements.

, In a still further form of my invention, with particular reference to a single ply tape, a different degree of adhesion between the reinforcing elements and the carton than between the paper of the tape and the carton can be had by applying pressure to the reinforcing elements during the manufacture of the tape when the elements are in position on the adhesive-coated surface of the tape, thus materially thinning out, even to the point of substantially removing, the adhesive layer over the said elements.

While there is disclosed and described in this application that particular type of tape having a water soluble adhesive on the carton side thereof, it will be understood that all the principles of this invention will obtain accordingly and in connection with a tape which is coated with an adhesive which may be a substance that is not water soluble immediately prior to placing the tape on the carton.

.The several objectives and advantages referred to above, as well as still other objectives and advantages of my invention, will become more apparent upon reference to' the following specification taken in connection with the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a carton having the manufacturers corner and the top thereof closed bv tapes according to my invention;

Figure 2 is an enlarged perspective view of the corner with part of the outer ply of the tape removed to show the construction thereof;

Figure 3 is a fragmentary view showing a single ply tape, according to my invention, mounted on the corner of a carton;

Figure 4 is an enlarged perspective view of the top of the carton with a tape, according to my invention, for use in closing the top of a carton;

Figure 6 is a dia one method of makin g a transversely reinforced laminated tape by strlp gluing;

grammatic perspective view showing Figure 7 shows another method of making a transversely reinforced tape wherein the reinforcing elements are first attached to one ply by an adhesive and the two plies of the tape then being joined bystrip gluing;

Figure 8 is a view showing still another method of making the tape wherein the reinforcing elements are introduced between the plies with adhesive and strip pressure is applied to the tape;

Figure 9 is a view showing the application of adhesive coated reinforcing elements to one ply and the subsequent joining together of the plies by strip gluing; and

Figure 10 is a more or less diagrammatic view showing still another manner in which the resilient reinforcing elements can be secured to a ply of paper while simultaneously coating the paper with adhesive and still obraining a different degree of bond between the elements and the paper than will be had between the paper and the carton.

Referring to the drawings somewhat more in detail, Figure 1 shows a carton 10 having a manufacturers corner 12 closed by the transversely reinforced laminated tape 14. The top flaps 16 of the carton are held closed by the single ply longitudinally reinforced tape 18.

In Figure 2 the manufacturers corner i shown somewhat enlarged, and it will be seen that the tape 14 consists of an inner ply 20 coated with adhesive 22 on the carton side thereof, and an outer ply 24 secured to the back of the inner ply by the strips 26 of adhesive.

Resilient reinforcing elements 28 extend transversely of the tape in spaced relation between the plies and are secured thereto by the strips 26 of adhesive, but along the center of the tape which lies around the corner of the carton the reinforcing elements are not rigidly attached to either ply of the tape. The stretch zone thus provided is of benefit in permitting the reinforcing elements to stretch whereby much greater strength is imparted to the corner, particularly under conditions of severe enough impact to tear the paper of the tape. Under these circumstances, even though the paper is torn through, the reinforcing elements will stretch and not break until a still greater load is imposed on the corner. For most impact conditions to which the carton might be subjected, this prevents the corner from opening even when the paper of the tape is torn.

It will also be appreciated that when the paper of the tape tears, and commences tearing at one point, such as at the end thereof, the reinforcing elements that are adjacent the point where the tearing commences will distribute the load among themselves due to their resilience and freedom to stretch, and for this reason I am enabled, according to the present invention, to realize an economy from employing smaller reinforcing elements than could be used according to my previous invention, or according to the reinforced tapes according to the prior art, and still obtain greater ultimate strength of the tape.

It will be noted that there is no loss of glued area between the carton and tape so that the tape will stick tightly to the carton while the two plies of the tape, being glued together under ideal manufacturing conditions, will be secured together so as to develop the full strength of both plies.

In Figure 3 there is shown a single ply 19 forming the tape that is adhesively connected with the side walls of the carton and with the reinforcing elements 21 on the carton side of the tape. The tape in Figure 3 is constructed so that when it is adhesively connected with the carton the reinforcing elements 21 are free to stretch in that they will pull free from the tape and carton under smaller tension than is required to break the elements. This is accomplished either by having less adhesive between the elements and tape and carton, Or by having an adhesive therebetween of a different character than the adhesive which joins the paper of the tape to the carton.

In Figure 4 the top of the carton is illustrated and the tape '18 shown therein consists of a single ply 30 with the .1a a autumn-sch ail-asses to the carton A will obtain. lso Qf; th IQPQ.

and t e o cin nemesis. pe mits h lement t be arrangedas illustrate d and good resplts will; ballad.

The longitudinally reinforced tape can also be laminated as in ure 5 whe a bot om plyi 34 havi glue 36 Over its entire carton side is laminated by strip gluing 38 to a top ply 40, withthe reinforcing elements 4} being placed between the glue strips and "connected to one" of the plies in the manner referred'to'abovje. The laminated tape, of course, has greater strength and sticking power if-the parts are not otherwise changed'tlian the single, ply tape' 'but has the characteristic incomm n therewithof permitting the reinforcing elements to stretch.

As tofthe materials to be employed in the manufactureof my'tape, I prefer to use kraft paper for the plies of about 30'to 70 pounds per ream'while the reinforcing elements are preferably a synthetic resilient material drawn in the form of filaments which may be spun or gathered to form the individual strands of the elements with each strand being on the order of from .002" to .010" thick. Several strands, say 5 to 10, may be laid side by side to form the thin ribbon-like reinforcing elements, or each element may consist of one strand of a large number of substantially untwisted filaments. These elements are preferably untwisted, but some twisting thereof is not deleterious if the elements remain flat and ribbon-like.

The reinforcing elements within the scope of my invention may vary widely, as will be evident from the following examples of such elements:

Twisted or untwisted, organic or inorganic, continuous or non-continuous filaments, thin narrow strips of resilient film having high resistance to edge tear, thin narrow strips of stretchable paper, and all natural and synthetic filaments that are resilient and otherwise compatible with my invention.

Turning now to Figures 6 through 10, I show several but by no means every possible way of making the tape according to my invention. In Figure 6 a roll 50 of paper is fed beneath a glue pot 52 that applies strips 54 of glue thereto. Following the application of the glue strips, the reinforcing elements 56 are applied transversely to the paper in spaced relation, and then the paper from the top roll 58 is applied and the two plies are pressed together by the rolls 66. The completed laminated article is then slit longitudinally along the center of each strip of glue except those at the edges so as to form a plurality of strips of laminated transversely reinforced tape with an unglued center section.

In Figure 7 I show the lower sheet 60 from roll 62 being coated with adhesive 64 at a. gluing station 67, with the reinforcing elements 66 then being applied transversely of the sheet. This gluing or adhesive-applying operation provides for a weak or imperfect or resilient bonding of the elements to the paper sheet, and, if desired, the paper can at this point be rolled up and later lamimated with the second ply.

In either case, the second ply, in the form of a sheet 63 feeding from roll is applied after the strips of glue 72 are applied at gluing station 74. Rolls 76 press the plies together, and, as before, the laminated sheet is split into a plurality of strips each having an unglued center zone between the plies.

In Figure 8 the sheet 80 from roll 82 is coated with rei fqtq n e emen 's 2, ex end n iv b a e lie asihs:

the glue or a hesive th is t join the pl es. t g h r, th rei cing elementsvfldare then .appliedTand then the top. shee 86 from roll. 88 is applied. The plies are then presse to et e by th ro ls 9.9. which are slotted soe zones of imperfect bonding are created are located n nter f e s ips that. are from the laminated sheet.

1. i u e 9 l show the e ements. 109. bein wet with adhesive as by the applicator roll 151 2, and then applied t h bot om sheet 10 e ing t am roll 10.6-

The gluing station 1118 then applies the. strips 110.015 ue nd the to sheet .1 eedingi mm roll 1.14 isaP- p ied and t pl es a e P es ed oget er by th rolls. 1116. This methdd, similar. to. an; shown in F ure 6. can. be carried out as a two-step process with the lowersheet e n rolled p after the e emen s, .1. flh ve een appli to. d t a ater aminated the too ply- In F gu e 10 I sh w. t l another meth dwhe eby. a p per ap aa hrdihs o my inv n, can he whee and wh re n glue s. s ot-12M; picked p by a p c p r ll nd han fmedto a trans er ro 1. 4 ve wh ch a Pl f s ee t at totem t e tape is p d e r with t e r s l n .rin orcih e e ts A The transfer roll 12} may apply afilm of glue across the n i e a of, Pape Pu :216. n than t e d ir he are? 0f b ndi a he haste in lemen hereto, which e ree f b nding is. les t ll that w ieh. w bt n etween the paper ply and the carton to which it is attached, obtained by drawing a tension on the paper ply 126 so that as it passes over the smoothing rolls 130 the major portion of the glue on the reinforcing elements will be pressed therefrom while still leaving the said elements sticking to the paper. The pressure of the smoothing rolls may also be obtained by providing backup rolls as at 132 which will press a substantial amount of glue off the reinforcing elements. Should the reinforcing elements at the time they are brought to the paper be in a form other than ribbon-like, the said elements may also be pressed out to the desired ribbon-like configuration simultaneously with the squeezing of the glue therefrom.

A further possibility involves joining elements adhesively, longitudinally or transversely to web 126 in a previous operation, and in an operation, such as Figure 10, a complete coating of glue (for bonding the reinforced side of the tape to a carton) may be applied to the sheet and elements, but due to pressure from rolls and 132 this coating of glue may be squeezed off of the elements so that when applied to a carton there will be substantially no adhesive bond of the elements to the carton. Blade 134 may be used 'to apply strips of glue to the tape in areas between the elements if longitudinally applied.

In Figure 10 there is shown a blade 134 bearing on the periphery of transfer roll 124 or otherwise suitably shaped so as to vary the amount of glue deposited on the face of the paper so as to reduce the amount of glue deposit where the elements 128 are to be used.

In any case, the Figure 10 arrangement can be employed for obtaining the connection of the reinforcing elements to the paper so that when the tape is pressed on a carton and the tape is then torn due to loading of the carton, such as by impact thereon, the reinforcing elements will pull loose from the paper and be free to stretch in the manner described above.

It will be apparent that the Figure 10 arrangement, and other mechanisms designed to accomplish the same result, can be employed for preparing one ply of a laminated tape, with the second ply being brought together with the ply carrying the reinforcing elements in a subsequent operation.

In several of the diagrammatically illustrated methods of making a laminated paper product, it has been illustrated that the glue or adhesive, by means of which the plies are joined, is applied to the lower ply, and it will be understood that this adhesive could be applied to either of the plies and the same result would be obtained, and

that, "broadly, in the case of a laminated product, the adhesive ispositioned in the space between the plies. -'"Since it would be possible to bring the paper tape, reinforcing elements and carton joint together at onetime, as, for example, in an automatic joint taping machine, it will be understood that I consider my invention to include the method of making a carton joint as well as the reinforced carton joint, the reinforced tape and the method of making the tape.

It will be understood that this invention is susceptible to modification in order to adapt it to different usages and conditions and, accordingly, it is desired to comprehendsuch modifications within this invention as may fall within the scope of the appended claims.

I claim: 1. A tape for staying corners of shipping boxes, cartons and the like, comprising a flexible web of paper having on the face which is to be against adjacent box sides, whichform a corner,'spaced flat ribbons, each composed of a group-of resilient stretchable filaments, a rela-- for rigidly securing said filaments at' said areas to the paper, said strong adhesive extending transversely of tween said spaced areas are relatively free to yield and stretch and to stay the box corner when subjected to stresses arising from handling and shipping.

2. A tape as in claim 1 in which the fiat ribbons are composed of a plurality of substantially parallel, sub-- 1O stantially untwisted resiliently stretchable filaments.

3. A tape as in claim 1 in which the adhesive on the'j spaced areas is animal glue.

- 4. A tape as in claim 1 in which the ribbon securing ad-' hesive-is essentially of latex. v

References cream the fileof this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,096,836 Atwater Oct. 26, 1937; 2,240,256 Elmendorf Apr. 29, 1941 2,276,363 Zalkind Mar. 17, 1942- 2,283,349 Angier May 19, 1942 2,294,347 Bauer et a1 Aug. 25, 1942 2,610,936 Carlson Sept. 16, 1952 2,636,835 Boulware et al. -a Apr. 28, 1953 2,651,588 Bruce et al. Sept. 8, 1953 2,676,765

Kaplan Apr. 27, 1954, 

1. A TAPE FOR STAYING CORNERS OF SHIPPING BOXES, CARTONS AND THE LIKE, COMPRISING A FLEXIBLE WEB OF PAPER HAVING ON THE FACE WHICH IS TO BE AGAINST ADJACENT BOX SIDES, WHICH FORM A CORNER, SPACED FLAT RIBBONS, EACH COMPOSED OF A GROUP OF RESILIENT STRETCHABLE FILAMENTS, A RELATIVELY WEAK ADHESIVE APPLIED ONLY TO THE WEB UNDER THE FILAMENTS FOR RELEASABLY SECURING THE FILAMENTS OF THE RIBBONS TO THE WEB, AND A RELATIVELY RIGID SUBSTANTIALLY NON-FLOWABLE ADHESIVE COVERING SPACED PARALLEL AREAS OF THE FACE OF THE WEB CONTAINING SAID RIBBONS OF FILAMENTS FOR RIGIDLY SECURING SAID FILAMENTS AT SAID AREAS TO THE PAPER, SAID STRONG ADHESIVE EXTENDING TRANSVERSELY OF THE FILAMENTS AND BEING ADAPTED TO SECURE THE SPACED AREAS OF THE WEB TO THE BOX SIDES, THE AREA OF THE TAPE BETWEEN SAID SPACED AREAS RECEIVING THE CORNER FORMED BY SAID SIDES, WHEREBY THE PORTIONS OF THE FILAMENTS BETWEEN SAID SPACED AREAS ARE RELATIVELY FREE TO YIELD AND STRETCH AND TO STAY THE BOX CORNER WHEN SUBJECTED TO STRESSES ARISING FROM HANDLING AND SHIPPING. 